The recent outbreak of ethnic violence in Manipur has been brewing for some time due to long-standing mutual suspicion between ethnic groups. The conflict between the Imphal valley and the surrounding hills reached boiling point when the Manipur government initiated a drive to evict tribal villagers from reserved forests, which was seen as another anti-tribal move. This led to widespread discontent among the Kuki community, who were affected by the eviction drive, as well as other tribals who have villages within reserved forest areas.
The Meitei community’s demand for a Scheduled Tribe tag, which dates back over 10 years, has also contributed to the current violence. The Manipur High Court’s recent order to the state government to recommend an ST tag for the community has triggered protests, including the ‘Tribal Solidarity March’ called by a student body. This march saw Nagas and Kuki tribals opposing the demand for the inclusion of the Meitei community in the ST list.
The Manipur government has often been viewed with suspicion by the tribals due to its dominance by plainsmen Meiteis, who live mostly in the Imphal Valley. The hills surrounding the valley, which account for 90% of the state’s lands and are ideal for militant hideouts, are mostly populated by Nagas and Kukis. The recent eviction drive has further fueled the tribals’ resentment towards the government.
The Kuki People’s Alliance, an ally of the ruling BJP government, has two MLAs, while the Kukis are represented by 10 legislators, including five BJP MLAs, in the 60-member Manipur Assembly. However, despite their political representation, the Kukis have voiced their displeasure over the eviction drive, which has dislodged hundreds of their people from their traditional settlement areas.
The state cabinet has reiterated its stance that steps must be taken to protect the state government’s forest resources and eradicate poppy cultivation, leading to the withdrawal of tripartite Suspension of Operations talks with two Kuki-based militant outfits.
In addition to the eviction drive, the recent demolition of three churches in Imphal’s Tribal colony area for being “illegal constructions” on government land has further fueled discontent among the tribals.
The current outbreak of violence, which has resulted in deaths, injuries, and the displacement of thousands of people, has highlighted the need for a resolution to the long-standing issues between the various ethnic groups in Manipur. The central government has deployed Army, Assam Rifles, and central police forces to contain the situation.
